Depression in the elderly

Depression is a common issue among the elderly, often triggered by factors such as loneliness, isolation, and reduced mobility. Regardless of the cause, depression can result in various challenges, including loss of appetite and decreased energy levels.

Unfortunately, many elderly individuals do not recognise depression for what it is. They may overlook the symptoms or believe that their feelings are simply a normal part of ageing, which can prevent them from seeking the help they need.

It’s essential to be aware of the signs of depression in older adults and to understand how to offer support. Here are some key indicators to watch for, along with strategies for helping an elderly friend or relative who may be experiencing depression.

Signs of depression

Recognising the signs of depression in elderly individuals is crucial for providing timely support and intervention. While symptoms can vary, some common indicators of depression in older adults include:

• Persistent sadness or low mood: A prolonged sense of sadness, hopelessness, or feeling down without a clear cause.
• Loss of interest: A noticeable decrease in interest or pleasure in activities they once enjoyed, including hobbies, social interactions, or outings.
• Changes in appetite: Significant changes in eating habits, either eating much less or more than usual, which can lead to weight loss or gain.
• Fatigue and low energy: A consistent lack of energy, feeling tired all the time, or having difficulty completing routine tasks.
• Sleep disturbances: Trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or sleeping too much, which disrupts their normal sleep patterns.
• Cognitive issues: Difficulty concentrating, remembering details, or making decisions, which may sometimes be mistaken for dementia.
• Social withdrawal: Avoiding social interactions, withdrawing from friends and family, and preferring to be alone.
• Feelings of worthlessness or guilt: Expressing feelings of excessive guilt, worthlessness, or self-blame.
• Physical aches and pains: Complaints of unexplained physical problems, such as headaches, stomachaches, or chronic pain, which may not respond to standard treatment.
• Irritability or restlessness: Increased irritability, agitation, or restlessness, sometimes resulting in sudden outbursts of frustration over small matters.

If you notice any of these signs in an elderly friend or relative, it’s important to address the issue with compassion and seek professional help if necessary. Early intervention can make a significant difference in managing depression and improving their quality of life.

What causes depression in the elderly?

Depression and anxiety can arise for many reasons, often triggered by life changes or ongoing stress. A loved one may start feeling out of sorts after significant events, such as the loss of a pet, receiving a new health diagnosis, or the responsibilities that come with caring for someone else.

Daily worries and stresses can also contribute to these feelings. Concerns about financial stability, paying bills, or anxieties about global events can weigh heavily and lead to anxiety or depression. Sometimes, these feelings may develop without a clear cause. One day, a loved one might notice that something feels off, and they no longer feel like their usual self.

It’s crucial to understand that mental health struggles are not a normal part of ageing. Identifying potential causes can help understand what might be contributing to these emotions. Some common triggers include:

• Financial concerns: Worries about managing finances can lead to stress and anxiety.
• Bereavement: The loss of a partner, relative, or close friend can trigger deep grief and sadness.
• Relationship or family issues: Problems within relationships or family dynamics can affect emotional well-being.
• Retirement: Transitioning into retirement may bring feelings of loss or lack of purpose.
• Health issues: Dealing with disability, chronic illness, or declining health can be challenging.
• Housing changes: Moving homes or adjusting to new living arrangements can cause stress.
• Becoming a carer: The demands of caring for a loved one can be overwhelming.
• Seasonal changes: Certain times of the year, such as winter, can impact mood and energy levels.

While these situations can make anyone feel low or anxious, not everyone experiencing them will develop depression or anxiety. Understanding the possible causes behind these feelings can provide clarity and help determine what might assist a loved one in feeling more like themselves again.

It’s normal to feel down or worried occasionally, but if a loved one hasn’t been feeling themselves for a while, it’s important for them to reach out for support. Encouraging them to talk to a GP, nurse, or a trusted friend or relative can make a significant difference.

How is depression diagnosed?

There are no specific tests used to diagnose someone with depression or anxiety, but your GP may perform some blood tests to check for other health conditions that share similar symptoms.

Your GP will need to get a good picture of the way you’re feeling mentally and physically. They’ll ask you lots of questions about your symptoms and any changes you’ve noticed. They may use a questionnaire to help assess your symptoms.

It can be difficult to think about specific answers on the spot – the following suggestions might help you plan ahead for your appointment:

• Make a list of all your symptoms, whether they’re worse at certain times of the day or on particular occasions, how long you’ve had them and how they affect your day-to-day life and relationship with others.
• Explain any circumstances that could be contributing to these symptoms and the way you feel.
• Take a list of all the medications you currently take, including any supplements or non-prescription medication.
• Be as open and honest as you can – remember that anything you say is confidential.

How is depression treated?

Addressing feelings of depression and anxiety is crucial for maintaining mental health. Ignoring these symptoms can lead to them worsening over time, just as one would not ignore a physical injury like a broken leg. Seeking appropriate treatment for mental health conditions is just as important.

There are various treatment options available, often used in combination to effectively manage symptoms.

1. Talking treatments

Talking therapies provide a platform to discuss thoughts and feelings with a trained professional, helping manage mood and behaviour. These therapies can be particularly beneficial for individuals feeling low or anxious.

Common talking treatments include:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviours.
• Counselling: Offers support in exploring and understanding emotions and experiences.

These sessions can be conducted individually or in a group setting. It is essential to communicate any specific needs, such as cultural, language, or sensory requirements, to ensure the therapy is tailored appropriately. Talking therapies have proven effective, especially for older adults. They are available on the NHS at no cost.

2. Applied relaxation

A trained practitioner can teach relaxation techniques to help manage anxiety. Muscle relaxation exercises can be beneficial in situations that trigger anxiety, helping to calm the mind and body.

3. Medications

Antidepressants can be prescribed by a GP to alleviate symptoms of depression. Several types of antidepressants are available, and the GP will determine the most suitable option. Medications often work best when combined with talking treatments.

It may take up to two weeks to start feeling the effects of antidepressants, and continued use for several months may be necessary for long-term recovery. Adhering to prescribed treatments is crucial for effective management of depression. If symptoms persist or return, it’s important to consult a GP for timely adjustments to the treatment plan.

What to do if you’re concerned about a loved one

If you suspect that a relative or friend may be struggling with depression or anxiety, initiating a conversation about your concerns can be a helpful first step. Although it can be uncomfortable to discuss sensitive topics, especially if the individual is not open about their feelings, expressing your concern with empathy and support is crucial.

Here are some ways to approach and assist someone who might be experiencing these challenges:

1. Have a compassionate conversation

Start by gently expressing your concerns and explaining why you’re worried. Avoid diagnosing their condition or offering unsolicited solutions. Instead, let them know you’re available to listen whenever they feel ready to talk.

2. Provide emotional support

Offer reassurance that their feelings can improve and emphasise that you’re there for them. Sometimes, just knowing someone cares can make a significant difference.

3. Maintain regular contact

Stay connected through phone calls or visits. Isolation can worsen feelings of depression, so regular interaction can help them feel less alone and more supported.

4. Encourage professional help

Suggest they make an appointment with their GP or a mental health professional. Offer to accompany them to appointments if it helps ease their anxiety about seeking help.

5. Promote healthy activities

Encourage them to stay active and engage in enjoyable activities. Planning outings or encouraging them to participate in hobbies can provide a positive distraction and improve their mood.

Useful resources

If you’re seeking more information or support regarding mental health, the following resources can provide valuable assistance:

• Age UK: Offers support and advice for older people, including information on mental health and well-being. Visit Age UK
• Royal College of Psychiatrists: Provides resources and guidance on mental health issues, including depression and anxiety. Visit the Royal College of Psychiatrists
• The NHS: The National Health Service offers comprehensive information on mental health conditions, treatments, and support services. Visit the NHS website
• Depression Alliance: A charity dedicated to supporting those with depression and providing resources for understanding and managing the condition. Visit Depression Alliance

Call us on 0808 239 1525, and our friendly care experts will discuss your care and support needs. You can also fill out our online enquiry form or email info@prestige-nursing.co.uk. We provide impartial guidance and advice so you make the right choice for you and your family.